Articulation/Phonology Interventions:
- Provide a good speech model.
- Reinforce placement cues for sounds in error (SLP can give you suggestions for a particular sound).
- Model correct production by emphasizing target sounds.
- Emphasize the correct sound production during reading/language arts activities.
- Use auditory discrimination skills to enhance speech sound awareness (Won/Run, are they the same? Run/Run, are they the same?).
- Model correct production of target sounds during reading.
- Model correct production of target sounds during all classroom activities.
- If the problem is mispronunciation of specific speech sounds, have student practice sound with the teacher. Identify one or two sounds the student is mispronouncing and create a list of 10 words containing the focus sound. (Sounds at the beginnings ofwords may be easiest.) Each day, ask the student to say the words with strong soundpronunciation. If a student does not correct the sound, provide a model. If the student still does not correct the sound, don’t require repetition; move on to the next word. If the student easily corrects the sounds, ask him or her to use some words in phrases or sentences, using strong sound pronunciation.
- If the problem is mispronunciation of specific speech sounds, have the student practice sound with a peer or parent partner.
- If the problem is mispronunciation of specific speech sounds, highlight speech sounds in classroom listening activities such as phonics and phonemic awareness instruction activities. Assign students to listen for and give a hand signal or tally each time they hear the focus sound in a story, lesson, or song.
- If the problem is mispronunciation of specific speech sounds, use reading as a context for speech sound practice. Ask the student (help younger students) to find words containing the focus sound in short reading passages or picture books and to practice saying those words with a peer or adult.
- If the problem is lack of general clarity of speech, give the student regular feedback that emphasizes listener needs for specific strong speech skills. e.g. ‘I didn’t understand, but I am interested. It will help me if you move your mouth and speak clearly, speak more slowly, etc.. Can you tell me again?’
- If the problem is lack of general clarity of speech, each day (at least 3 times per week, have the student practice speaking slowly and clearly (moving the mouth) while saying sentences, reading or having a 1 minute conversation.
- Fluency (Stuttering) Interventions:
Respond to what the student says, not how he/she says it.
Talk slowly to the student in order to reinforce easy, relaxed speech.
Do not call attention to the stuttering.
Reinforce the student’s fluent speech.
Encourage conversation during periods of smooth talking.
Voice Interventions: - Provide a good vocal model.
- Use discrimination activities to illustrate indoor versus outdoor voice production.
- Praise the student for the appropriate use of his/her voice.
- Respond to what the student says, not how he/she say it.
- Minimize prolonged verbalizations.
- Establish a cuing system with student to assist with monitoring vocal production within the classroom.
- Encourage the student to relax while speaking.
- Reduce talking time when student’s vocal quality is noticeably deviant.